Menstrual cycles typically follow a monthly rhythm. But for many people, that rhythm can shift – sometimes unexpectedly. If your period is late and you’re not pregnant, you’re not alone. Irregular periods are one of the most common concerns brought up in our OB-GYN practice at Temple Health.
In most cases, a delay in your cycle isn’t immediately cause for concern. But understanding the potential causes and knowing when to see a doctor can give you peace of mind – and help you stay healthy.
Common Causes of Irregular Periods
1. Lifestyle changes and stress
Even positive life changes can throw your hormones off balance. Stress increases cortisol, which in turn can affect the hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle.
What can help
- Exercise regularly - but don’t overdo it
- Try relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga
- Get enough sleep
- Eat a balanced diet
Your diet and activity level also influence your menstrual health.
You may have irregular periods if you:
- Recently gained or lost a significant amount of weight
- Have a very low body fat percentage
- Engage in intense or excessive physical training
If your weight, fitness habits, or eating behaviors are affecting your cycle – call our office and we will get you scheduled to discuss your concerns together.
2. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a common hormonal condition that affects ovulation. It can cause irregular or missed periods, as well as:
- Acne
- Excess hair growth (hirsutism)
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Ovarian cysts
Managing PCOS
There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for PCOS. Options may include:
Hormonal Treatments:
- Birth control pills or hormonal IUDs to regulate your period
- Anti-androgen medications to reduce hair or acne
Non-Hormonal Approaches:
- Lifestyle changes – weight loss and exercise can help restore ovulation
- Dietary modifications – low glycemic index diets and anti-inflammatory foods may improve symptoms
- Insulin-sensitizing medications (like metfomin)
A discussion with your OB-GYN can help determine whether hormonal or non-hormonal options are best for you.
3. Medications That May Affect Your Period
Several types of medications can also impact your menstrual cycles, including:
- Steroids
- Antidepressants and antipsychotics
- Thyroid medications
- Chemotherapy drugs
- Anti-epileptics
- Blood thinners
If your period changes after starting a new medication, check in with us so we can discuss these changes togethers.
4. Thyroid and Other Hormonal Imbalances
Your thyroid gland plays a critical role in menstrual regulation. Too much (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone can cause:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Weight changes
- Fatigue or anxiety
Other hormone-producing areas in our brain and reproductive system – like the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and ovaries – also contribute to cycle regularity. Blood tests can help pinpoint the issue, and appropriate treatment can restore the balance.
5. Menopause and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Menopause usually begins around age 50, but some experience early menopause (before age 40), known as premature ovarian insufficiency.
Common symptoms include:
- Hot flashes
- Mood swings
- Irregular or missed periods
- Vaginal dryness
If you’re experiencing menopausal symptoms earlier than expected, your OB-GYN can discuss treatment options to manage symptoms and preserve your overall health. If you’re hoping to get pregnant, a fertility specialist can help you explore your options.
When to See a Doctor
While occasional irregularity is common, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention:
- Severe pain during or between periods
- Heavy bleeding (soaking a pad/tampon every hour for 2-3 hours, or passing clots larger than a quarter)
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Periods lasting longer than 7 days
- Nausea or vomiting during menstruation
- Bleeding after menopause
- Unexplained bruising
- Dizziness or fainting
- Fever
Take Charge of Your Health
At Temple Health, our OB-GYN specialists take time to listen and partner with you. Whether you’re navigating PCOS, menopause, or trying to understand cycle changes, we’re here to help you explore hormonal and non-hormonal treatment options that align with your goals and lifestyle.
Making an appointment is easy. Just call 800-TEMPLE-MED (800-836-7536) or request an appointment online.
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