Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often produce higher than normal male hormones, called androgens. They can also have small fluid-filled sacs inside the ovaries that contain immature eggs, which, coupled with an imbalance of hormones, may cause the ovaries to not release eggs. Women with PCOS may also miss their menstrual period or have long or heavy periods. These can all affect your ability to get pregnant.
PCOS doesn’t just affect your fertility. It can also other lead to other serious health problems, including:
- Difficulty losing weight: Women who have PCOS often have a hard time losing weight, which can increase their risk of heart attack, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer. Excess weight contributes to many chronic health conditions.
- Insulin resistance: Your body may not be able to properly use insulin, known as insulin resistance, raising your risk of type 2 diabetes. More than 50% of women who have PCOS develop type 2 diabetes by the time they’re 40, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- High blood pressure and cholesterol: Women with PCOS are more prone to developing high blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. This can raise your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
- Endometrial cancer: You may be more likely to develop cancer of the lining of the uterus due to insulin resistance, diabetes, or obesity.
- Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea is common in women with PCOS and limits the amount of oxygen flowing to your brain. It can increase your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
- Depression and anxiety: You may feel an increase in sadness, anxious feelings, or worry if you have PCOS.
- Pregnancy complications: Women with PCOS are more likely to develop gestational diabetes (diabetes while you are pregnant) and/or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure. PCOS also increases the risk of miscarriage and premature birth.
Androgens can cause other symptoms that may not be serious but can affect the way you feel about how you look, including:
- Hair loss or unwanted hair: You may lose hair on your head but grow it on your face, upper lip, neck, or back.
- Pimples or severe acne
- Dark skin or skin tags
If you suspect you have PCOS, see a doctor to help you better manage any existing symptoms. A doctor can address potential complications if you plan to get pregnant and help monitor any risk factors that can lead to serious health problems down the road, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar.
To meet with a specialist at Temple, schedule an appointment online or call 800-TEMPLE-MED (800-836-7536).
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